Femoral Triangle is a triangular depression on the front of the upper one-third of the thigh immediately below the inguinal ligament.

BOUNDARIES:

Laterally: Formed by the medial border of the sartorius muscle.
Medially: Formed by the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle.
Base: Formed by the inguinal ligament.
Apex: It is directed downwards and formed by the meeting point of the borders of adductor longus and Sartorius muscles. It is continuous with adductor canal.

ROOF:

It is formed by:
1. Skin.
2. Superficial fascia: It contains-
  • Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
  • Superficial branches of the femoral artery and accompanying veins.
  • Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
  • Branches of ilioinguinal nerve.
  • Upper part of great saphenous vein.

3. Deep fascia: with saphenous opening and cribriform fascia.

FLOOR:

It is formed by (From lateral to medial side)-
  • Iliacus.
  • Psoas major (tendon).
  • Pectineus.
  • Adductor longus.

CONTENTS:

The primary contents of the femoral triangle are as follows:
1. The femoral artery and its branches.
2. Femoral vein and its tributaries.
3. Femoral sheath.
4. Nerves-
  • Femoral nerve.
  • Nerve to pectineus.
  • Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
  • The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.

5. Deep inguinal lymph nodes.
6. Fibrofatty tissue.

FEMORAL SHEATH:

It’s a funnel-shaped sleeve of the fascia enclosing the upper 3-4 cm of the femoral vessels.

Formation:

It is formed by the downward extension of the two layers of the fascia of the abdomen.
Anterior wall: Formed by fascia transversalis, lies deep to transverse abdominis in the anterior abdominal wall.
Posterior wall: Formed by fascia illiaca, covers tha illiacus muscle.


The femoral sheath is divided into 3 compartments by 2 anteroposterior septa as:
The lateral/arterial compartment: Includes the femoral artery and the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
The intermediate/venous compartment: Includes the femoral vein.
The medial/ lymphatic compartment: Is small and called the femoral canal.

FEMORAL CANAL:

The femoral canal is the smallest anatomical compartment, located in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath.
It is conical in shape & approximately 1.3cm long.
The opening to the femoral canal is located at its superior border, known as the FEMORAL RING.

Boundaries of the femoral ring:

Anteriorly: Bounded by inguinal ligament.
Posteriorly: By pectineus & it’s covering fascia.
Medially: By concave margin of lacunar ligament.
Laterally: By the septum separating it from femoral vein.

The femoral ring is closed by condensation of extraperitoneal connective tissue layer is known as the femoral septum.
The parietal peritoneum covering the septum from above shows a depression called Femoral fossa.
The femoral canal contains a lymph node of “clouquet or of Rosenmuller”, lymphatics and a small amount of areolar tissue.